Pavement Evaluation and Maintenance Management System by R Srinivasa Kumar

Author:R Srinivasa Kumar [Kumar, R Srinivasa]
Language: eng
Format: azw3
Tags: Pavement Evaluation and Maintenance Management System
Publisher: Universities Press (India) Private Limited
Published: 2015-09-10T04:00:00+00:00

Fig.18.5 Shattered slab

18.3.7 Punch-outs

Punch-outs are separated blocks (usually, size < 0.6 m (2 ft)) developed due to broken portion of a continuously reinforced cement concrete slab. It is a localised failure. Such a distress develops due to (a) rusting of reinforcement in a portion of the slab, separating it from the original slab or (b) two closely formed transverse cracks or (c) formation of a longitudinal crack along the edge or closely spaced joint of a slab, or (d) any crack at the slab edge split and forming Y-shaped cracks and separating a block from the slab into the shoulder. Such separated blocks ultimately get pressed down under traffic loading, and consequently, faulting and spalling across the cracks takes place.

The number of punch-outs per unit section length may be recorded for each severity level, and the details obtained from ODOT (2000) and FHWA (2009).

Note: An area or a portion of a slab surrounded by adjacent cracks or blocks, spaced greater than 0.6 m but up to 1 m, which exhibit spalling or breaking or faulting may be rated as punch-outs (FHWA, 2009).

18.3.8 Deterioration of Patch Surface

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